International audienceA manuscript of late antiquity, the Anecdotum Latinum, shows that the formation and origin of "barbaric names" can sometimes be a real "do-it-yourself" operation. Some of the nomina barbara of this medical collection have a fortuitous origin: perfectly clear in the source used by the copyist, they have been made incomprehensible after a misreading. With the exception of these "fortuitous" names, most are relatively common: they come from a long tradition whose origins can be traced. Still others have an old patina, but are similar to a real work of deceit: if some of these formulas have a Jewish sound, they do not always correspond to a known model. The originality of the work is mainly due to the use of a very particu...